Pain, Touch, and Interoceptive Modulation
How touch, context, movement, agency, and social meaning can shape the felt sense of the body, including pain.
This page keeps version notes out of the main model interface while preserving a record of recent updates.
Version 4.81 restores the five Evidence & Assumptions subtabs and their content after the How to read relocation accidentally removed and malformed the surrounding tab markup.
Version 4.79 streamlines the Inputs & Mechanisms introduction by removing repeated explanations while preserving the distinction between techniques, modalities, and the operational role of intervention cards.
Version 4.78 removes the gating arrow from the Sensory-discriminative focus while retaining it under Touch and All.
Version 4.77 places Model overview before How to read the model and makes How to read collapsed by default.
Version 4.76 moves How to read the model from Evidence & Assumptions into Learn the Model → Overview as an expanded section, and simplifies Evidence & Assumptions to five focused tabs.
Version 4.75 aligns Session Builder and Profiles Guide with Compare Sessions: pain mechanism, sensitization pattern, implicit safety, agency, session mechanism, and input fit now form compatible layers. It also merges the repeated Guided Lessons/Guided Explorations and Profiles Guide headings into single section introductions.
Version 4.74 rebuilds Compare Sessions around dominant pain mechanism, separate peripheral and central sensitization, implicit safety, session mechanism, and input fit. It also replaces broad profile combinations with teaching presets that isolate these distinctions.
Version 4.73 removes the redundant standalone Compare Sessions introduction box and moves its two explanatory sentences into the sticky comparison-controls section.
Version 4.72 removes the remaining Compare Sessions instruction line so the panel begins with a single heading.
Version 4.71 condenses the Compare Sessions introduction into one heading and one concise instruction line, removing the redundant setup language.
Version 4.70 adds a Techniques, modalities, and mechanisms explanation to Inputs & Mechanisms and a Guided Exploration showing that differently named modalities often combine overlapping sensory, contextual, relational, and movement-related ingredients without requiring unique physiological mechanisms.
Version 4.69 adds one shared Input fit / receptivity control to Session Builder and uses it to resolve previously implicit “wanted,” “tolerated,” and “well-matched” conditions across touch, movement, intensity, stretching, thermal/topical, and related session inputs. High fit supports counterinput, regulation, confidence, and reduced guarding; low fit shifts the same input toward salience, unpleasantness, threat, and guarding. Session presets now set an explicit default fit rather than silently assuming it.
Version 4.68 applies the completed Inputs & Mechanisms audit: intervention cards now use the agreed pathway emphasis, context dependence, and outcome logic; physical safety, social safety, beliefs/expectations, and touch quality receive dedicated cards; and the asleep preset preserves sensory processing without assuming automatic inhibition or analgesia.
Version 4.67 makes Profiles Guide selections visibly update both the Simple Model and Pathway Model, and moves the Central gain and Peripheral gain labels rightward to align with the Sensitization text.
Version 4.66 makes the Profiles Guide fully interactive: client biology, client psychosocial state, and session profiles can be selected independently, every selection immediately updates the model visuals, and the combined scenario can be transferred intact to Session Builder.
Version 4.65 removes the repeated A and B prefixes from comparison-row values and restores more horizontal width to the bar area.
Version 4.64 removes the slash between Scenario A and Scenario B values in comparison graphs and displays each value on its own labeled line.
Version 4.63 compacts Compare Sessions into side-by-side input and outcome graphs on wider screens, removes repeated explanatory and selected-profile text, and makes longer outcome bars consistently represent the more favorable modeled direction.
Version 4.62 clarifies Compare Sessions by separating selected starting conditions and session inputs from estimated end-of-session outcomes, removes the duplicate graph, and splits each scenario into Client biology, Client psychosocial, and Session selections.
Version 4.61 removes the redundant Update comparison button and clarifies that comparison results refresh automatically whenever a preset or A/B selection changes.
Version 4.60 improves the Compare Sessions language and keeps the comparison preset, A/B selectors, and update button visible while the comparison results scroll.
Version 4.59 adds an optional restrained pathway-activity animation during Session Builder runs: one dominant and one secondary influence gently thicken or pulse by phase, other pathways dim, a live explanation updates, and reduced-motion preferences are respected.
Version 4.58 adds one-at-a-time “Apply to Session Builder” actions for intervention cards, allows multiple different inputs to be layered, prevents duplicate stacking, shows the active input list in Session Builder, and provides a clear-applied-inputs control.
Version 4.57 expands Session Builder into biological, contextual, and session-input variables; distinguishes variables from intervention presets; and reorganizes Inputs & Mechanisms into touch, movement, positioning, thermal/topical, and relational groups, including rocking.
Version 4.57 reorganizes Evidence & Assumptions into a clearer evidence-to-critique sequence, adds a key-sources overview, expands the visual-reading rules, consolidates claims not made, clarifies equation weights as design choices, and adds critique prompts about causality, anatomical certainty, non-specific effects, and outcome selection.
Version 4.55 adds a Guided Exploration on the effects of manual therapy across immediate, soon-after, and longer-term time frames, and adds a Deliberate omissions and possible expansions section to Critique.
Version 4.54 reorganizes Profiles into pain-processing and client-state patterns, rewrites Guided Explorations as learner-facing questions with explicit try/watch/takeaway structure, and clarifies Inputs & Mechanisms as session inputs, awake/asleep state, and pharmacology.
Version 4.54 adds www.dr-olson.com to the About the Author section.
Version 4.52 adds a compact, collapsible About the Author section at the end of Learn the Model → Overview, after the abbreviation key.
Version 4.52 reorganizes Learn the Model → Overview by removing the redundant introductory box, opening Model overview by default, placing Understanding the outcomes before the abbreviation key, and keeping reference material progressively disclosed.
Version 4.52 adds a compact, collapsible abbreviation key to the Overview section for the neuroanatomical and fiber labels used in the Pathway Model.
Version 4.49 enlarges S1 and S2 while centering their incoming pathways, narrows and right-shifts ACC so its orange pathway enters on-center without crowding S2, and doubles the width of the Insula box to emphasize its integrative relevance while preserving the green pathway alignment.
Version 4.47 simplifies dorsal-horn pathway grammar: Aδ and C inputs now stop separately at the lower edge, while the sensory-discriminative, medial-thalamic, and spinoparabrachial nociceptive streams begin separately at the upper edge. The former internal convergence trunk and diagonal split are removed.
Version 4.46 widens the thalamus and medial/intralaminar subdivision so the green affective-touch route passes clearly through the box, separates the solid peripheral C-tactile input from the tentative dotted central route at the Dorsal horn boundaries, and limits highlighting of Practitioner inputs, Sensitization, and Net descending effect to their relevant Map tour topics.
Version 4.45 slightly compacts S1 and S2, shifts the S2/red sensory-discriminative route left, and moves the PB–Amyg/Hypo and C-tactile–Insula pathways slightly right to improve spacing around the Amyg branch while preserving the ACC route.
Version 4.44 separates Amyg and Hypo into two compact third-row boxes within the previous combined footprint and forks the PB ascending line immediately before it reaches them, preserving the ACC, Insula, thalamic, and descending geometry.
Version 4.43 merges Map focus and Map tour into one coordinated tour, makes direct topic clicks and Previous/Next navigation update the same explanation, and bolds the selected topic at the start of the explanatory text.
Version 4.42 aligns the Pathway Model outcomes panel with the Simple Model outcomes position so the large visual anchor no longer jumps when switching models.
Version 4.41 fully removes all Simple Model-only groups from the SVG display while the Pathway Model is active, including its Outcomes panel, descending-effect gauge, practitioner-input text and trunk, labels, nodes, paths, and anatomy overlay.
Version 4.41 fully hides Simple Model layers when the Pathway Model is active after removal of the internal pathway frame.
Version 4.41 removes the redundant internal Pathway Model frame, shifts the pathway diagram 22 pixels left to reduce unused space around Practitioner inputs and relieve crowding on the right, and slightly tightens the Learn subtabs so Inputs & Mechanisms fits more comfortably.
Version 4.38 slightly widens both thalamic subdivision boxes equally so the green affective-touch route passes clearly through the medial/intralaminar box, and moves the C-tactile label next to its peripheral line with spacing matching the Aδ and C labels.
Version 4.37 restores the Lateral thalamic subdivision so the red sensory-discriminative pathway passes through it, reduces the Medial / intralaminar subdivision, and makes the two thalamic subdivisions equal in width.
Version 4.36 narrows the thalamus and its lateral subdivision, shifts the medial subdivision left, and moves the PAG–RVM descending apparatus left so it has more balanced clearance inside the brainstem while remaining midway between the thalamus and the shared right edge of the larger processing boxes.
Version 4.35 combines Amyg and Hypo in a single third-row box, straightens the PB-to-Amyg/Hypo and thalamus-to-Insula pathways, aligns the cortico-limbic, brainstem, and spinal-cord containers with the Client mindset box, compacts the descending apparatus, and narrows the Dorsal horn box from the right.
Version 4.34 corrects the cortico-limbic layout by placing Insula directly beneath OFC, separating Amyg from ACC, and rendering the tentative dotted affective-touch route to PB beneath the better-established orange nociceptive PB route.
Version 4.31 restarts the dorsal-horn revision from Version 4.29, enlarges the spinal-cord and Dorsal horn boxes, restores each cortical and thalamic endpoint, separates the C-tactile route from the nociceptive convergence, shortens the descending connection, and distinguishes tentative dotted central C-tactile segments from the solid thalamus-to-insula segment.
Version 4.29 replaces the abstract spinal nociceptive junction with a Dorsal horn box. Aδ and C inputs, the Aβ inhibitory collateral, ascending nociceptive branches, and descending modulation now connect to that box, while guarding/reflex output remains a broader spinal-cord-level output.
Version 4.28 adds a DCN relay box to the brainstem and redraws the blue Aβ touch pathway so it enters and exits that relay before continuing to the lateral thalamus.
Version 4.27 moves all sensitization and outcome arrows that meet the widened cortico-limbic, brainstem, and spinal-cord boxes to their new right edges.
Version 4.26 narrows the entire thalamus box so the descending pathway no longer crosses it, moves the PAG–RVM descending apparatus rightward, places Hypo beside Amyg, and shifts Insula and the C-tactile thalamic route rightward to preserve clear pathway relationships.
Version 4.25 narrows the medial/intralaminar thalamic subdivision so its right edge stays left of the descending PAG pathway, preventing the visual suggestion that descending fibers pass through the thalamus.
Version 4.24 adds short diagonal Aδ and C input branches into the shared spinal nociceptive junction and draws the better-established nociceptive PB route above the more schematic affective-touch PB route where the two overlap.
Version 4.23 removes the two obsolete, disconnected diagonal segments that remained inside the spinal-cord box while preserving the newly connected ascending projection branches.
Version 4.22 connects the three nociceptive projection branches directly to the shared spinal junction without the short left/right horizontal stubs, redraws the Aβ touch pathway so it passes continuously through the spinal cord and shows relay gaps at the brainstem and lateral thalamus, and removes the false spinal relay gap from the affective-touch pathway while retaining its thalamic relay.
Version 4.21 replaces the misleading Aδ-versus-C labeled-line split with a shared spinal nociceptive junction and a symmetric three-stream projection pattern, connects Aβ inhibitory input and descending modulation to that spinal processing point, and divides the thalamus into lateral and medial/intralaminar teaching regions. A speculative affective-touch PB→PAG arrow was not added.
Version 4.18 audits the evidence behind the affective pathways, adds a dedicated Affective pathways: touch and pain filter, and cross-lists key pathway studies under touch, interoception, sensitization, and pain basics.
Version 4.18 moves ACC and its thalamic branch rightward, makes the post-spinal C-pathway split more visible, widens PB, and adds parallel thalamic and parabrachial branches for C-tactile input.
Version 4.14 simplifies the affective-motivational routing: the thalamic C branch stays left of PB and runs straight to a left-shifted ACC, the PB branch runs straight to a left-shifted Amyg, Hypo remains in the lower-right, and descending modulation begins at the bottom edge of the cortico-limbic box.
Version 4.13 reorganizes the cortico-limbic regions into three rows, splits C-nociceptive processing into a thalamic branch to ACC and a parabrachial branch to Amyg, keeps C-tactile routed through thalamus to Insula, and simplifies the sensitization label.
Version 4.12 separates S1 and S2, routes the two sensory-discriminative pathways to them, routes C-tactile to Insula and the affective-motivational nociceptive pathway to ACC, and doubles the spinal AI arrow length.
Version 4.11 aligns Outcomes fading across both models and further fades the Simple Model reflex arrow in its background state.
Version 4.09 simplifies the Pathway Model reflex-output route to one horizontal and one vertical segment, and makes the Simple Model sensitization label fade unless Sensitization or All is selected.
Version 4.08 reroutes the Pathway Model reflex-output line to approach Guarding from below and simplifies the sensitization label block.
Version 4.08 standardizes the pathway fiber labels, simplifies the tissue label, and places all Pathway Model outcomes inside one shared container with a general cortico-limbic arrow and a separate reflex-output route.
Version 4.08 compacts and shifts the Pathway Model left, reconnects the context arrow, standardizes colored outcome displays and descending-effect gauges across both models, and narrows the Simple Model practitioner-input subtitle.
Version 4.08 centers the neuroanatomy regions within the Pathway Model cortico-limbic box and reduces the Client mindset box to the same width.
Version 4.02 removes unintended horizontal scrolling from the right-side panels and resizes the Pathway Model cortico-limbic box to match the other processing-level boxes, with its neuroanatomy labels arranged in two rows.
Version 4.01 adds a mask above the sticky Session Builder controls so scrolling content does not show behind them, and equalizes the left and right panel heights on wide two-column layouts.
Version 4.00 removes the empty map-title shell from Evidence & Assumptions, groups Session Builder controls into biological, psychosocial, and intervention variables, adds low/moderate/high group shortcuts, and makes loaded presets immediately update the visible model.
Version 3.98 extends the right-panel viewport and bottom-scroll fix to Session Builder and Compare Sessions so their final controls and text can scroll fully into view.
Version 3.96 renames the two map views Simple Model and Pathway Model and clarifies the toggle as Switch to Simple Model / Switch to Pathway Model.
Version 3.95 places Run session and Reset side by side at equal widths, moves the modeled-time display into the Session Builder controls, centers the current map title above the model, and separates the map toggle from the changing map title.
Version 3.95 removes the Simple Map visual-grammar box and moves Run session and Reset into the top Session Builder box in the right panel.
Version 3.95 shortens the Pathway Map AI arrow, moves the AI label slightly left, and simplifies the descending modulation label by removing the PAG → RVM → spinal cord text.
Version 3.91 adjusts the Learn sticky-subtab mask layering, removes the Pathway Map nociceptive-input label, and moves the AI label below the spinal-cord gating arrow.
Version 3.90 refines the Learn sticky-subtab mask layering and moves the Pathway Map outcomes arrow so it starts from the cortico-limbic box rather than the Hypo box.
Version 3.89 cleans up the Learn sticky subtab scroll mask, separates the Amyg and Hypo boxes on the Pathway Map, and renames the discriminative-touch pathway label to touch & movement.
Version 3.88 removes the version number from the title and places it in the footer, makes Learn the Model subtabs sticky in the scrolling right panel, and gives DOI and non-DOI citation links a consistent style.
Version 3.87 makes Learn the Model subtabs sticky while the right panel scrolls and expands citation link handling so non-DOI URLs are clickable when possible.
Version 3.86 improves Evidence & Assumptions with a sticky subtab header, independently scrollable reading panels, sticky evidence topic filter, regular-weight citation text with bold author/year leads, and clickable DOI links.
Version 3.85 improves the interaction layout with a sticky model panel, independently scrollable right panel, and collapsible lower-priority overview details so controls can be used while the map remains visible.
Version 3.84 cleans up Learn the Model: the map now starts focused on nociception, the Map Tour is placed higher in the overview, and the session-running outcome/interpretation panels move out of Learn and into Session Builder.
Version 3.79 fixes Simple Map highlighting so Cold and other touch-focused inputs also visibly highlight the left practitioner-input connector, and clarifies pathway-map line styles by using solid lines for modeled pathways and dashed lines for more abstract/contextual links.
Version 3.77 refines State and Manual highlight mappings so sleep-state and manual/session-input buttons target more specific model mechanisms.
Version 3.73 refines the Pathway Map: aligns brainstem with the other processing boxes, moves practitioner-input text down, separates Aδ/C labels, removes the duplicate discriminative-touch label, adds sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational focus modes, and highlights vmPFC/OFC for Context.
Version 3.72 separates Aδ and C pathway labels on the Pathway Map, right-aligns the brainstem box with the thalamus and spinal cord boxes, and extends the sensitization-to-brainstem arrow to meet the revised box edge.
Version 3.71 refines the Pathway Map layout and focus highlighting: removes the header notice, repositions brainstem/descending/sensitization labels, simplifies the brainstem route by removing LC, adds touch-to-mindset arrows, restricts Context focus to context arrows, and prevents Outcomes focus from highlighting the simple-map ascending pain arrow.
Version 3.69 moves the Map focus controls higher in Learn the Model → Overview so the map-highlighting interaction is immediately available before the outcome-category explanations.
Version 3.48 merged Evidence and Assumptions into one top-level Evidence & Assumptions section, with Evidence as the first internal subtab. Version 3.47 added internal subtabs for assumptions and limits.
This public preview was available through August 31, 2026. Enter the access code to continue using the Pain Model.